How is the impact of environment on character illustrated in the novel?

The correct choice highlights how Buck undergoes a profound transformation as a result of his experiences in the Alaskan wilderness. Initially, Buck is a domesticated dog living an easy life in California, but as he is thrust into the harsh conditions of the wild, he is forced to adapt in order to survive. This change is marked by his gradual embrace of primal instincts and rediscovery of his ancestral roots.

Throughout the narrative, Buck learns to navigate the challenges of his new environment, which include dealing with other dogs, learning the laws of the wild, and understanding the importance of strength and leadership. His transformation illustrates the central theme that environment has a significant influence on character and behavior. Buck evolves from a spoiled pet into a powerful and independent creature, showcasing how external circumstances can shape one's identity and capabilities.

This depiction of Buck’s adaptation reflects a fundamental assertion of the novel: that the wilderness has a profound capacity to mold individuals, often bringing out traits and behaviors that lie dormant in more comfortable settings.