How does Buck's experience with different owners reflect societal values of the time?

Buck's experiences with various owners vividly illustrate the exploitation and cruelty prevalent in society during the time period in which the story is set. Each of Buck's owners represents different aspects of humanity, from the gentle kindness shown by John Thornton to the stark brutality exhibited by Hal, Charles, and Mercedes. Through these contrasting experiences, the narrative sheds light on the harsh realities of the dog-eat-dog world of the Yukon Gold Rush, where survival is paramount and compassion is often absent.

As Buck transitions from one master to another, he endures significant mistreatment and hardship, which reflects a societal norm that values power and control over empathy and kindness. The contrast of these experiences not only deepens Buck's character but also serves as a critique of human behavior and the darker sides of social dynamics, particularly in a competitive and challenging environment. This thematic exploration emphasizes the cruelty and exploitation that many beings face at the hands of those seeking personal gain, aligning with the historical context of a time when such attitudes were prevalent.